extracellular - definição. O que é extracellular. Significado, conceito
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O que (quem) é extracellular - definição

SPACE EXTERNAL TO THE OUTERMOST STRUCTURE OF A CELL

extracellular         
WIKIMEDIA GLOSSARY LIST ARTICLE
Intracellular; Extracellular; Extracellular compartment; Endocellular; Extracellular environment; Biology terminology
¦ adjective Biology situated or taking place outside a cell or cells.
Derivatives
extracellularly adverb
Extracellular space         
Extracellular space refers to the part of a multicellular organism outside the cells, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
Extracellular vesicle         
VESICLE THAT IS PART OF THE EXTRACELLULAR REGION
Extracellular vesicles; Apoptotic body
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are naturally released from almost all types of cell and, unlike a cell, cannot replicate. EVs range in diameter from near the size of the smallest physically possible unilamellar liposome (around 20-30 nanometers) to as large as 10 microns or more, although the vast majority of EVs are smaller than 200 nm.

Wikipédia

Extracellular space

Extracellular space refers to the part of a multicellular organism outside the cells, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. This is distinguished from intracellular space, which is inside the cells.

The composition of the extracellular space includes metabolites, ions, proteins, and many other substances that might affect cellular function. For example, neurotransmitters "jump" from cell to cell to facilitate the transmission of an electric current in the nervous system. Hormones also act by travelling the extracellular space towards cell receptors.

In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word extracellular (or sometimes extracellular space) means "outside the cell". This space is usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid (see extracellular matrix). The term is used in contrast to intracellular (inside the cell).

According to the Gene Ontology, the extracellular space is a cellular component defined as: "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. For multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term".

The composition of the extracellular space includes metabolites, ions, various proteins and non-protein substances (e.g. DNA, RNA, lipids, microbial products etc.), and particles such as extracellular vesicles that might affect cellular function. For example, hormones, growth factors, cytokines and chemokines act by travelling the extracellular space towards biochemical receptors on cells. Other proteins that are active outside the cell are various enzymes, including digestive enzymes (Trypsin, Pepsin), extracellular proteinases (Matrix metalloproteinases, ADAMTSs, Cathepsins) and antioxidant enzymes (extracellular superoxide dismutase). Often, proteins present in the extracellular space are stored outside the cells by attaching to various extracellular matrix components (Collagens, Proteoglycans, etc.). In addition, extracellular matrix proteolytic products are also present in the extracellular space, especially in tissues undergoing remodelling [2].

Exemplos do corpo de texto para extracellular
1. MAPKs respond to extracellular stimuli and regulate various cellular activities, including gene expression, mitosis (cellular division), cellular differentiation, and cell survival and death.
2. In other words, extracellular ATP in the brain optimises your breathing to boost maximum performance." The scientists made the discovery by carrying out experiments on rats.